A A Rare Case of Human Herpesvirus 7 and Adenovirus Meningoencephalitis

Abstract

Encephalitis is characterized by altered mental status and additional neurological criteria. Although commonly linked to herpesviruses, its association with human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) and adenovirus in immunocompetent individuals is rare. We present the case of an 11-year-old boy admitted with fever, seizures, and altered level of consciousness. Initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis indicated pleocytosis with elevated protein levels. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed mild cortical swelling and hyperintense signals. NeuroPCR identified HHV-7 and adenovirus in the CSF. Empirical treatment with corticosteroids, ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and acyclovir was initiated. As the patient’s condition deteriorated, acyclovir was replaced with ganciclovir, resulting in significant neurological improvement. He was discharged with continued recovery over four months. This case highlights the importance of early viral identification and targeted antiviral therapy in encephalitis management. Further research is needed to understand the pathogenic role of HHV-7 and adenovirus in immunocompetent individuals.